If you want to download Corruption of Champions Mod APK for your Android phone then you will get it here. Let me first share the introduction and some features of the game.
Corruption of Champions
This is a lubricious text-based and flash game that works on browsers. In the village, there is a tradition that every year a Champion is selected to fight against demons in order to protect the village. Therefore, they have sent the players to an unknown place through a portal where they will either beat the evil or support it.
Features of the Game
1. Make sure the game is compatible with your device because it might not compatible with some devices
2. Specially designed for Android
3. Premium Features Unlocked
4. Amazing User Interface
5. Free from irritating ads
Additional Information
App Name
Corruption of Champions
App Size
19 MB
Category
Games
Required
Android 4.0 or above
Version
v1.90
Root
No
Corruption of Champions Mod Download
Making the downloading process very simple and faster by allowing you to download the Mod APK in a single click. All you need to do is tap the download button and get the APK file on your device. Install it and Enjoy the Game.
A smart contract, translated into French by intelligent contract or autonomous contract, is a computer program or code whose execution does not require the intervention of a trusted third party. In the context of blockchain, it is a program that automatically activates on a distributed network when certain conditions are met on the shared ledger.
Smart contracts were conceptualized by Nick Szabo starting in 1994, but it took until 2009 and Bitcoin to see their first implementation into a workable system. These autonomous contracts are now widely implemented on the specialized Ethereum platform, launched in 2015 for this purpose.
The term “smart contract,” coined by Szabo himself, is a bit confusing because a smart contract is not really smart, nor really a contract in the legal sense, but is a program that runs under simple terms. Szabo coined this expression for communication: the word smart in English is indeed regularly used to emphasize the clever and evolving side of a new technology. A multifunction phone is thus called a smartphone in English as in French. A chip card is a smart card, and we talk about smart city for a connected city, smart bombs for guided bombs, etc.
Although it attracted the attention of many cypherpunks in the 1990s, the concept of smart contract was not implemented because there was no technology at the time to implement it in a sufficiently robust way. It was not until the emergence of blockchain technology with the appearance of Bitcoin in 2009 that the idea was really implemented: although its ability to manage contracts is limited, the latter is indeed a money system. programmable .
The real revolution came in 2015 with the launch of Ethereum , which allowed the construction of more complex autonomous contracts , in particular by using a specific programming language called Solidity. The latter allows developers to write advanced processes in a short period of time.
This emergence has allowed many other platforms based on the same model to appear, such as Tezos, Cardano, EOS, NEO, and TRON. The rise of these protocols has allowed the idea of the smart contract to be reborn to automate and improve many processes. A smart contract makes it possible to do without an intermediary, and therefore a trusted third party, to carry out certain clauses provided for in the contract.
What is a smart contract?
Smart contracts are computer programs that run without the intervention of a trusted third party, usually on a blockchain like Ethereum. They are made up of clauses, which are the conditions that must be met for part of the contract to be enforced. These conditions are defined beforehand by the creator of the contract and are written immutably on the blockchain. The contract can then be automatically triggered when certain conditions are met on the chain. Unlike a traditional contract, no third party will carry out the contract, everything is automated.
On the Ethereum blockchain, created by Vitalik Buterin, a smart contract is identified by a public address, for example 0x5C69bEe701ef814a2B6a3EDD4B1652CB9cc5aA6f. In addition to managing transactions in ethers, this address contains code and data, necessary for the proper functioning of the program. Unlike a traditional account which asks a person to sign the transactions, a contract will react on its own to the different interactions, autonomously.
For example, a lottery can be implemented through a smart contract: a person deploys the contract at an address, and everyone can then buy a ticket by interacting with the contract. Two clauses can be implemented:
If, on a given date, the account balance exceeds a certain amount, then it is sent to a randomly chosen participant.
Otherwise, participants are reimbursed.
This is just one example and the possibilities offered by autonomous contracts are much broader than that: representation and transfers of assets ( tokens , deeds of property, etc.), games of all kinds, decentralized exchange services , loans, decentralized autonomous organizations , etc.
Note in passing that smart contracts form the basis of what are called decentralized applications or DApps .
What programming language?
Each blockchain for managing autonomous contracts has what is called a virtual machine , which runs simultaneously on each computer in the network and interprets the different transactions. The contracts are therefore interpreted in the same way by all the nodes and it is therefore necessary to have a language to communicate them between the different machines.
As mentioned above, the first contracts were deployed on the Bitcoin blockchain. This was possible because Bitcoin is a programmable money system in which all transactions are contracts: thanks to a language, simply called Script , a bitcoin coin can be blocked under certain predefined conditions. Typically, most funds are blocked at an address by a script like:
Nevertheless, Bitcoin’s virtual machine is not Turing-complete and is intentionally limited to procedural operations. For example, it is impossible to perform loops and practice recursion with the Script language. This is what Ethereum was created for: to be a general-purpose, decentralized global computer that allows an extreme variety of autonomous contracts to be executed.
The Ethereum virtual machine ( Ethereum Virtual machine or EVM) has therefore been designed to be almost Turing-complete : it is possible to perform loops and recursions, but it is limited by a gas system so that only a contract cannot run endlessly and paralyze the network. It is based on a bytecode similar to the Bitcoin Script. However, most contracts are usually written in a higher-level language, which is compiled to bytecode , which greatly facilitates the developer’s task. The most widespread is the Solidity language, a language inspired by JavaScript, created in 2014 at the initiative of Gavin Wood and regularly updated since.
Here is a simple example of a contract written in Solidity (example taken from Mastering Ethereum ). It is a “faucet” system that gives ethers (ETH) for free to whoever requests it in the contract:
pragma solidity ^0.4.19;
Contract Faucet
{
// Function giving ETH
function withdraw(uint withdraw_amount) public
{
// Withdrawal amount limited to 0.1 ETH
require(withdraw_amount <= 100000000000000000);
// Send the amount to the address that requested it
msg.sender.transfer(withdraw_amount);
}
// Contract accepts incoming payments (bailout)
function () public payable {}
}
Bitcoin and Ethereum are not the only protocols to support smart contracts: almost all cryptocurrency systems have programming capabilities, except for a few systems like Monero. Here is a list of some strings with their respective languages:
Although not yet exploited to their full potential, stand-alone contracts are useful for all sorts of things. The current uses are multiple and diverse, but they will most of the time be closer to the financial field .
Here are some examples of smart contract applications:
Multi -signature accounts: these allow the setting up of joint accounts requiring several signatures to carry out transfers.
The fiduciary deposit ( escrow payment in English), allowing the sequestration of funds pending the deferred shipment of a good. This type of contract is for example implemented by the peer-to-peer buying/selling platform LocalCryptos.
Payment channels , which give two users the ability to make micropayments to each other. It is on these channels that the Lightning Network is based .
The representation of assets on a blockchain by a token (or token) : this is called tokenization . This can concern fungible goods (such as stablecoins which are backed by fiat currencies) as well as non-fungible goods (such as real estate with RealT ).
Fundraising , which mostly relies on the pre-sale of a digital token with future utility. We talk about Initial Coin Offering (ICO), Initial Exchange Offering (IEO), or Security Token Offering (STO) depending on the context and the nature of the token.
Decentralized crypto-asset exchanges . This can be cryptocurrencies on different chains (via atomic swaps ) or cryptos on the same chain ( Uniswap, Kyber Network, Binance DEX, etc.)
Decentralized lending , with Maker and Compound for example.
The predictive market with Augur.
Decentralized autonomous organizations, such as Maker DAO or Moloch DAO.
Note that most of these examples can be categorized as belonging to decentralized finance .
There are also many other use cases that have yet to be fully exploited. We can cite :
The notarial profession , allowing the automation of processes such as birth certificates, property transfers, etc.
Insurance : driving in clear weather and on an open road would give different compensation than driving at night on a bumpy road.
The logistics chain ( supply chain ): according to the orders of its customers, a company would automatically order the number of parts necessary for the realization of such or such product.
These examples would require the existence of so-called oracles that would make sure to feed real-world data onto the blockchain . This raises the question of reliability: can an oracle be trusted for its decentralized application? Today, oracle systems exist, but they need to be improved.
What are the risks ?
As with anything in computing, the main risk with smart contracts is the risk of hacking .
Since the code is published on the channel, it is possible for a hacker to identify its weaknesses and exploit them. This has already happened many times on Ethereum, and this for extremely high amounts: the best known case is the TheDAO contract hack on June 17, 2016, which allowed someone to seize 3 .6 million ethers , or over $150 million at the time. This case led to the split between Ethereum (ETH) and Ethereum Classic (ETC) : Ethereum indeed chose to cancel the transfer to reimburse TheDAO investors, while Ethereum Classic preferred to follow the principle of immutability.
Thus, before proceeding with the deployment on the network, it is necessary to make sure that everything works well in the code that we have written, because it is impossible (in principle) to modify or stop a contract if we do not has not programmed for. There are ways to mitigate the risk of hacking, including:
The use of standards verified and tested by the community, for example the ERC-20 standard which is widely used to create new tokens on Ethereum.
The use of audits with specialized firms.
What legal value for smart contracts?
A common mistake that many beginners make is to believe that a smart contract is a contract in the legal sense. However, it is not the case ! They are simply computer programs running on distributed systems, which apply previously defined clauses, hence the analogy with contracts.
Smart contracts currently have no legal value. If somehow your contract funds get siphoned off by a hacker, there is no recourse possible as this is not considered theft.
Nevertheless, it is possible that in the future (and with the maturation of the various crypto-economic protocols) legal systems will recognize the validity of information located on certain chains. In reality, the idea is not to adapt the different blockchains to the existing legal system, but to eventually base the entire legal system on these blockchains .
Moreover, even if blockchain governance systems can sometimes repair a fault as was the case for the hack of TheDAO which had been canceled on Ethereum, it must be specified that such measures can only take place when the security of the chain is at stake (here 4.5% of stolen ethers). In this way, the accidental freezing of more than 500,000 ETH ($150 million) of Parity’s contract in November 2017 was not significant enough to reverse the process.
An ERC-20 token , or ERC-20 token in English, is a standard token created and traded on the Ethereum platform . This type of token is fungible , in the sense that its units are interchangeable, and programmable , i.e. the spending conditions are set at the time of its creation.
The ERC-20 standard is therefore a smart contract standard allowing anyone to create their own token on Ethereum. It is described in EIP 20, written by Fabian Vogelsteller and Vitalik Buterin in 2015.
Why the name ERC-20? ERC stands for E thereum R equest for C omments, and the number 20 simply comes from the number assigned to the proposal when it was created.
Examples of ERC-20 tokens
The ERC 20 standard is the most widely used in the industry. Many tokens used to raise funds by Initial Coin Offering were thus sold as ERC-20 tokens.
Among the best-known ERC20s are:
The Basic Attention Token (BAT), or “basic attention token” in good French, used to reward the viewing of advertisements on the web, thanks to the Brave browser.
The Crypto.com Coin (CRO), a token linked to the use of the payment card and other Crypto.com services.
The Chainlink Token (LINK).
Loyalty tokens from exchange platforms such as the Leo Token (LEO) from Bitfinex, the Huobi Token (HT) or the OKB from OKEx.
Many stablecoins like Tether USD (USDT), Paxos Standard (PAX) or dai (DAI).
Note that several major cryptocurrencies have also gone through the ERC-20 stage: they were issued in the form of ERC-20 tokens before having their own blockchain when the mainnet was launched . We can cite the EOS token and the Binance Coin which are in this case.
Some practical information
How to know if a token is an ERC-20?
To find out if a crypto-asset is an ERC-20 token, go to Etherscan, a specialized block explorer for Ethereum. Then, type the name or stock symbol of the crypto-asset in question (here I wrote “tether”). Etherscan will tell you which tokens bear a name or have an approaching stock symbol, as well as their type (ERC-20 or other).
A small icon indicating that Etherscan has verified the token will normally appear near legitimate tokens. If we trust Etherscan here, we can assume that the Tether USD is the token corresponding to the contract which has the identifier 0xdac17f958d2ee523a2206206994597c13d831ec7.
Most Ethereum wallets support ERC-20 tokens, although not all of them can manage these tokens directly. The best wallets for ERC-20 are:
MetaMask: This web browser extension gives you the ability to manage all existing ERC-20 tokens. It can also be connected to a hardware wallet like the Ledger Nano S , Ledger Nano X or Trezor Model T.
The MyEtherWallet web interface , which allows advanced use of ERC-20 tokens and other smart contracts.
BRD and Edge mobile wallets which support a large number of ERC-20 tokens by default and which allow a personalized addition.
Exodus and Jaxx Liberty cross- platform wallets which also manage a large number of ERC-20 tokens.
How to create an ERC-20 token?
The ERC-20 standard is one of the most secure and proven token standards. It therefore makes sense to use it if you want to create your own token on Ethereum.
There are plenty of guidelines on the web to help you create your own ERC-20 token. We recommend our tutorial on the subject: Develop your own Ethereum token .
Technical characteristics
As we said, an ERC-20 token is a digital currency that exists thanks to a smart contract hosted on the Ethereum platform. This contract follows the ERC-20 standard which is composed of 9 basic functions and 2 events . It is also generally accompanied by 3 constants used to define the token. The constants linked to the contract are:
name: the name of the token. Example: Tether USD.
symbol: the stock symbol of the token. Example: USDT.
decimals: the number of decimals of the token, by default 18 (like ether).
The functions are as follows:
totalSupply: function used to obtain the total quantity of units in circulation.
balanceOf: function giving the user the balance of units present on an Ethereum account.
transfer: function allowing an account to send units to another account.
transferFrom: function that allows units to be sent from one account to another account, without the account using this function being the one that owns the units.
allowance: function that returns the number of units an account is allowed to withdraw from the contract .
approve: function that modifies the number of units authorized to be withdrawn from the contract by a given account.
Finally, the basic events are:
Transfer: triggered by the functions transferand transferFrom.
Approval: triggered by the function approve.
Of course, developers can base themselves on this standard and add functions and events to it in order to create their personalized token.
An NFT, what is it exactly? Before getting into the definition of a non-fungible token , it is worth explaining what fungibility is. Fungibility is used to qualify a currency. An asset is said to be fungible if:
It is not unique;
It is interchangeable with an asset of the same type.
The most telling example is of course the currencies we use on a daily basis. Euros are therefore fungible assets. A one euro coin is not unique and it is indeed exchangeable for another one euro coin, which has the same value. If Alice lends a one-euro coin to Bob, Bob can later return any other one-euro coin to Alice. Similarly, most cryptocurrencies are fungible or partially fungible assets. Each coin or token is thus worth the same as its neighbours.
That said, it is important to note the partial fungibility of some cryptocurrencies. Bitcoin (BTC), for example, is a partially fungible cryptocurrency because its entire transaction history is freely available. This means that the coins can be considered unique: some have been used for illicit exchanges, which distinguishes them from “virgin” coins. This can potentially create a market where “clean” parts are favored over parts that are already in use.
Anonymity, a sine qua non of fungibility
Absolute fungibility therefore implies a notion of anonymity . In this case, each piece is strictly identical and not identifiable. We can cite the example of privacy altcoins such as Monero (XMR) or Zcash (ZEC). Since we don’t know what the coins were used for, they really all have the same status.
Truly fungible tokens such as Monero often find themselves in the crosshairs of regulators. The latter view with suspicion the layer of anonymity which they believe would favor money laundering.
What is a non-fungible token (NFT)?
We can come back to the heart of our subject: what is an NFT? Non -Fungible Tokens are unique and identifiable. Thus, two tokens created will not be exactly identical and interchangeable, each one will have specific characteristics to define it.
NFTs are tokens similar to those used by cryptocurrencies, but their values and characteristics are varied, which means that they cannot be considered a currency. They can be used to digitize a variety of information and are stored on the blockchain. It’s as if each bitcoin had its own characteristics and aspects that made it unique compared to other bitcoins.
The origin of NFTs (Non Fungible Token)
Historically, non- fungible tokens were created on Ethereum. They were introduced through the ERC 721 proposal, which is a standard for this type of token.
The official ERC-721 overview site describes non-fungible tokens as follows:
“Think of these [non-fungible tokens] as rare and unique collectibles. “
Non-fungible tokens are not limited to Ethereum, but in fact, this blockchain is almost exclusively used for their creation. In addition, many services now allow you to create NFTs for free and without requiring too much knowledge, for example OpenSea.
Applications and uses of non-fungible tokens
As we briefly mentioned, non-fungible tokens or NFTs can support a multitude of uses. They’ve really exploded in 2021 as collectibles, but of course they’re not limited to that. Here are some major areas where they are used:
blockchain video games
NFTs first gained attention in gaming , particularly collectible games. The “historic” game remains of course CryptoKitties. Launched in 2017, the decentralized Ethereum application allows you to collect virtual cats, much like collecting Pokémon cards. Each cat is actually an ERC-721 token, which is stored on the blockchain, freely exchangeable, and has its own value.
Other collectible card games then followed, with in particular games inspired by Magic: The Gathering or Hearthstone. They allow you to fight your cards and earn cryptocurrency rewards. One of the best known currently is Gods Unchained.
NFTs are also used in more varied games. They are sometimes created to represent key items, such as armor or weapons, to be stored and traded freely by players.
Digital art and collectibles
The field for which non-fungible tokens have become known is of course art and collections. An NFT makes it possible to store any digital object on the blockchain : an image, a GIF, a video, etc. This allowed artists to offer their production in the form of a non-fungible token.
In March 2021, the Kings of Leon released the first NFT album in history. Other musicians have offered career highlights as non-fungible tokens, for example Eminem. This type of token is also of course particularly used by digital artists. We can cite Beeple, whose works regularly reach exorbitant prices.
Memes and Internet Culture
Unsurprisingly, NFTs too have been caught up in the meme culture on the internet. To the point that some meme cults have themselves been tokenized, and ripped off at a price of gold. The non-fungible “Disaster Girl” token thus sold for $473,000 during the month of April 2021. And Doge – which led to the creation of Dogecoin (DOGE) – was of course not spared . His original meme was purchased for $4 million .
Digital real estate and decentralized worlds
Halfway between video games and amusement parks, there is also the digital real estate sector . Projects like Decentraland or The Sandbox offer users 3D universes, with plots. Everyone is free to buy a plot and then build what they want on it.
Each plot is represented by a non-fungible token, which can be purchased with a cryptocurrency – Ether (ETH) or MANA for example. Plots vary in price depending on their attractiveness and location , just like “real” real estate.
Digital worlds attract: the legendary brand Atari has thus particularly bet on the world of Decentraland, buying many plots in order to launch – among other things – a cryptocurrency casino. The giant Binance has also smelled the vein, since it has appropriated a good part of the land of The Sandbox . The best placed lands are the most visited, and thus make it possible to generate rewards.
The “tokenization” of objects and assets
In a less fun way, non-fungible tokens can also be used for traceability. Thanks to its inviolable aspect and its great security, the blockchain can certify the origin and authenticity of an object or a commodity. This is why it is increasingly used in this type of case. As early as 2019, the LVMH group had started experimenting with non-fungible tokens of the ERC-721 type, in order to certify luxury products and fight against counterfeiting.
Blockchain also makes it possible to “tokenize” a wider variety of assets. One of the most telling examples is real estate – real this time. NFTs can be used to digitize particularly illiquid assets (like a house or land). When they arrive on the blockchain, they become much more liquid. This is a use that is very limited for the moment, but which should come to the fore in the years to come.
Digitize contracts and agreements
Elements of contracts and formal agreements may also make use of non-fungible tokens. In April 2021, a couple got married on the blockchain, exchanging rings in the form of NFTs.
NFTs can also be used to digitize official documents like IDs, certificates, etc. Currently, there is a legislative vacuum surrounding these practices, but they too should become more democratic in the future.
What are NFTs: conclusion
Beyond headlines, NFTs do have applications that go beyond memes or trading cards. Their integration into broader sectors, including that of decentralized finance (DeFi), therefore seems to be on the right track.
Like other aspects of blockchain technology, non-fungible tokens allow for great security, reduction of intermediaries, and decentralization of processes. They should therefore continue to be favored for various use cases.
December 2018 update: ETCDEV, the group working on the development of the ETC blockchain, announces the end of its existence due to a lack of financial means. In particular, the crash of the cryptocurrency market. They failed to raise funds during this period.
What is Ethereum Classic (ETC)?
Ethereum Classic is considered as the fork of Ethereum. In reality, Ethereum is the fork of the Ethereum Classic.
The fork took place after the TheDAO hack on June 17, 2016. While the start-up Slock it raises more than 200 million dollars, partly in Ethereum, a hacker manages to embezzle some of this money. The fork intervenes to go back and thus divide the blockchain into 2 distinct entities, thus making it possible to reimburse the unfortunate contributors. As a result, a second Ethereum blockchain appears, backed by all the big Ethereum names like Vitalik Buterin. Thereby, Ethereum Classic is the original chain of Ethereum, hence the word “Classic.”
One of ETC’s currencies is “immutable,” which means it cannot be changed. For Ethereum Classic contributors, no matter what happens, there should be no going back, no one should be able to make changes, whatever the cause. While the majority of people have switched to Ethereum, including Vitalik Buterin and Gavin Wood, some people have stayed on the original blockchain, mostly for ideological reasons. The modification of the Ethereum blockchain following a single hack shows us that it can be affected by the actions of humans. It is also important to clarify that fraudulent ethers are still present on the Ethereum Classic blockchain, which tends to give an image of scammers ( crooks ) to people in favor of ETC.
Ethereum and Ethereum Classic have a common goal, only their visions differ.
How does Ethereum Classic work?
The immutability of the blockchain is one of the essential points of ETC. No matter what happens, the ETC blockchain should not be modified. From the moment something has happened, it is (almost) unthinkable to go back (cf: TheDAO case): “code is law,” or the code makes law.
ETC uses the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), which can run scripts, smart contracts, and dApps.
The features offered by Ethereum Classic are mostly comparable to those offered by Ethereum. ETC makes it possible to transfer value to other people but also to operate smart, automatic, and complex contracts that cannot be modified or censored. The specifics of block duration, size, and rewards are nearly identical.
The desire to focus on the IoT ( Internet of Things ) is clearly announced. The goal is to become an efficient way to connect many devices around the world to exchange value and contracts.
One of ETC’s problems is the lack of compatibility with its fork: Ethereum. While the majority of the community, and therefore developers, have switched to this new blockchain, ETC is no longer compatible with ETH updates. Indeed, while ETH will gradually switch to PoS (proof of stake), ETC will continue to evolve into proof of work ( PoW ).
Running a node on ETC keeps the blockchain 100% decentralized with a P2P network. The main role of a node is to connect to others to download and synchronize data. Here are the software allowing you to run a node:
Geth
Parity
Mantis
Multi-Geth
Ethereum Classic uses Proof-of-Work (PoW) consensus. Thus, miners solve complex mathematical calculations in order to create new blocks. If you want to mine ETC, you can join one of the following mining pools :
Epool
MinerGate
91Pool
Europool
ETC-Poolcrypto
ClassicPool
2miners
Coming
Team and partners
The Ethereum Foundation does not support Ethereum Classic.
The team is made up of many entities. Thus five entities are working jointly on the development of Ethereum Classic:
ETCDEV is the first of them, it is made up of developers and engineers working on the research and development of the ETC blockchain.
IOHK is the second, it is more specialized in mathematics.
ETC COOPERATIVE is the team responsible for the development of the ETC ecosystem and its marketing.
ETC LABS is a laboratory where many innovations for ETC are tested.
Ethereum Commonwealth works on many blockchain projects and takes care of the Classic Ether wallet.
No partnership with large organizations currently exists.
The future of Ethereum Classic
According to their Road Map, the year 2018 must be devoted to reducing the “Difficulty Bomb” (difficulty of mining) and the development of parallel blockchains. This would allow better compatibility with Ethereum and improve the network’s speed.
In 2019, the objective will be to develop scalability(scaling up the network) up to 1,000 transactions per second. Knowing that Visa indicates that it can process more than 50,000 transactions per second, this is still quite low. On the other hand, if we compare this to Bitcoin and its five transactions per second or Ethereum and its 20, this could be a significant advance!
Another goal is to develop a thin client for IoT (Internet of Things) and mobile devices. In the same line, the objective is to be able to operate the ETC blockchain with other blockchains.
How to buy Ethereum Classic (ETC)?
If you want to buy Ethereum Classic, you can go through the Coinbase or Kraken platform. For Coinbase, you can buy it by credit card or bank transfer. On Kraken can only make a bank transfer. If you already have Bitcoins or Ethers, it is possible to send them to another platform ( Binance or Bitfinex ) where it will be possible to buy ETC.
How to store Ethereum Classic (ETC)?
The safest way to store your Classic Ethers is to use a hardware wallet. These are wallets in the form of USB keys. The two best known are the Ledger Nano S and the TREZOR.
While too cute kittens recently showed Ethereum‘s difficulties with the scalability (ability to scale up) of the original Ethereum blockchain, Ethereum Classic intends to solve this problem with the launch of Callisto.
Ethereum Classic (ETC)?
Ethereum Classic is the original Ethereum blockchain. After The Dao hack last year, Vitalik Buterin decided to fork Ethereum, i.e., duplicate the blockchain by applying modifications.
If this is financially understandable, it raises an ethical question: Should a blockchain be modifiable by its creator?
A group of developers determined to defend the concept of immutability then launched Ethereum Classic, the original Ethereum blockchain before the fork. Since then, the project has matured: it is a crypto with new features that are regularly released.
Callisto was one of the big new features announced by the ETC team.
Callisto (CLO), a sidechain created to experiment
Callisto is a sidechain (alternative blockchain) announced on January 11, 2018 by Ethereum Commonwealth, the latest ETC team.
If the financial aspect interests many investors (1 CLO will be distributed for each ETC), the project announces very good things technologically.
Callisto is a way to experiment with new features that may eventually be included in the Ethereum Classic protocol. But above all, it is a solution to scalability problems, since the team plans cross-chain updates. This barbaric term means that it will, in theory, be possible to use CLO smart contracts on the ETC blockchain and vice versa.
Gone are the days when ETC was just the original ETH blockchain. Callisto is a proof of maturity, a way for ETC to assert itself as an independent blockchain with its own functionalities. It not only settles the ethical concerns of Ethereum but also intends to settle its technical concerns!
And yes, Ethereum today suffers from scalability problems, an anglicism used to talk about systems that cannot bear the load of the growth in the number of users. We have seen it with the network totally congested because of CryptoKitties, but it is also the case with Bitcoin and its slow and expensive transactions today! ETC, thanks to Callisto, hopes to be able to fix all these problems.
Facebook has had its share of scandals in the past. In particular on its way of managing personal data and even reselling it to third-party companies . More recently, with the takeover of WhatsApp, more ink has been spilled on this subject, which is both complex and crucial to maintaining the trust of its users.
Today, while Meta, led by Marc Zuckerberg, does not hide the idea of revolutionizing the web with the metaverse, probably by also integrating crypto-currencies. We are entitled to ask ourselves how will personal data be processed? Indeed, the crypto community has always wanted to be transparent and open unlike a company like Meta.
Meta changes its privacy policy
Meta recently changed its privacy policy , mainly stating that it will not collect user data in any new ways. At first glance, this may seem suspicious. Nevertheless, Meta indicated that these modifications have occurred to make the reading of the text more comprehensible. The same to adapt more generally to all the products they offer.
The company went further by recalling that it does not sell the personal data of its users . Similarly, it collected, shared or used this data differently following the update of its privacy policy.
Simplified sentences and especially examples added to bring more clarity, here is what this update essentially brings. This isn’t the first time Meta has tried to simplify its privacy policy.
However, according to The Verge, these changes stand out as “the worst or the best” compared to previous versions. Indeed, it is stipulated that the data is not shared for example and on paper it is perfect. On the other hand, Facebook already uses the sharing of its users’ data in order to target them with advertising. So what does it mean to “not share data”?
BSV Blockchain Chairman Addresses Meta
Even engineers at Facebook aren’t sure how to handle user data with optimal security. Employees have sometimes denounced the database as borderline acceptable in the past .
It is in this sense that recently the president of the BSV blockchain, Jimmy Nguyen, spoke to Meta. He thus hopes that the company will not store user data in the future, especially in the context of the metaverse , on its own servers, but on a public blockchain.
The world of crypto wants to be interoperable and above all transparent, so it seems logical that this data should be stored via a neutral organization and not a private company. With this method, Meta could thus become an interface connecting the various Metaverse applications to this public blockchain . Accessing user data (with their permission of course) would also be easier.
In addition, the president of BSV also specified that such operation would require a blockchain capable of adapting. It should also have the potential to handle a large number of transactions . It is logical that he thus designates his own BSV blockchain, which is quite capable of offering such capacities.
The metaverse is upon us, even though the concept is still relatively vague for some. The crypto industry will likely be closely tied to it. More than the current networks and social media, this new technology will have the potential to house a large part of our lives .
Protecting this data properly is vital. In the same way, a viable solution without a private entity being able to afford to exploit this content must be found. The future of the metaverse also rests on trust . Trust that he must be able to establish in front of the public in order to allow its adoption by the greatest number.
If the Ethereum (ETH) blockchain sees its attendance decrease as a result of a general drop in cryptocurrency prices, mining is at record levels. As the Merge approaches, ecosystem players are taking advantage of the last few months where it is possible to accumulate ETH thanks to proof-of-work.
Mining on Ethereum breaks records
On Saturday June 4, the mining difficulty on the Ethereum blockchain reached an all-time high. According to data from Etherscan, this difficulty rose to 15,089.793 terrahashes (TH).
The higher this value, the harder it becomes to mine a block on the network. Thus, this metric is an increasing function of the computing power deployed by all the miners, in order to guarantee the stability of the blockchain.
As shown in Figure 1, since the Chinese ban last summer, the mining difficulty continues to increase as new miners come to strengthen the network. Moreover, the computing power deployed by the latter also reached a new record this Saturday , according to the CoinWars site.
The hashrate, as it is called, would thus have peaked at 1.318 8 petahashes per second (PH/s) . The conditional is used here, because Etherscan returns a daily average value of 1.08 PH/s and does not offer an intraday chart to compare the data.
However, this does not take away from the fact that the month of May will have been a record for the computing power deployed by miners on Ethereum, and that June seems to confirm the trend.
Network usage follows the decline
Ironically, while competition between miners has never been so fierce, the network itself saw its traffic fall to annual lows with 401,055 active addresses on the day of June 4. You have to go back to December 10, 2020 , with 381,124 active addresses, to find a lower value.
June 4 also sees a yearly low in the number of daily transactions , for a total of 1,029,121. Like the number of active addresses, Figure 4 shows us that we also have to go back to the end of 2020 to find lower values. Namely November 29, 2020 for 993,930 transactions.
This downward trend in demand for the Ethereum blockchain benefits these users . Indeed, the price of transactions has been particularly low in recent months , compared to what could be seen at the heart of the bull run.
On May 28, the average price of a transaction was $3.73, its lowest since July 11, 2021, which recorded $2.43.
The statistical aberration visible in Figure 5, bringing a daily average to $200.06 on May 1, corresponds to the sale of land in Otherside , Yuga Labs’ metaverse.
The upcoming arrival of the Merge
The decrease in network traffic is not exclusive to Ethereum . Rather, it follows a general trend, due to the fall in prices themselves, scaring away investors.
Like other cryptocurrencies, ETH is currently working a hinge zone , which was also defended at this time last year. This area is around $1,800.
A popular idea in the ecosystem describes that the price of ETH could rise again when Ethereum moves to a proof-of-stake (PoS) consensus: the Merge.
This idea is defended by an upcoming drastic drop in the rewards awarded to each block generation. Coupled with the burn mechanism, implemented last August with the integration of EIP-1559 , this historic change would be the equivalent of three halvings on the Bitcoin (BTC) network in terms of reducing inflation.
While 2.4 million ETH have already been burned , the scarcity of the asset will tend to decrease further, provided the consensus shift goes well.
We can then understand Ethereum’s recent mining records. Miners are indeed taking advantage of the last months when it is still possible to accumulate ETH through proof-of-work (PoW), before this activity stops .
However, there is no guarantee that the Merge will drive up prices. First, it will depend on the overall health of the ecosystem , but also keep in mind that 10% of all ETH in the network will return to circulation.
The staking contract for Ethereum, 2.0 set up on November 3, 2020, indeed has nearly 12.8 million ETH . These will be released sometime after the final settings , once the switch to proof-of-stake has taken place. Investors could therefore choose to take profits , thus driving the price down.
Tesla employees have to go back to the office – otherwise they risk being thrown out
Tesla boss Elon Musk announces a zero-tolerance policy in his factories: Anyone who doesn’t come to the office will be fired.
No more home office! In two leaked emails that Elon Musk sent to executives at his Tesla factories on May 31, 2022, he urges them to order office workers back into the office. If they do not comply with this request, they would be fired.
Elon Musk wants employees to be in the office 40 hours a week
In the emails leaked to news website Electrek, Musk said all employees must be in the office at least 40 hours a week from now on. If they were less present, they would be terminated. He also wrote that he would examine possible exceptions directly – but would only issue approvals for “particularly exceptional employees for whom this was impossible”.
Musk further reinforced this statement in another email, noting that the office must be a Tesla headquarters and not a field location. “If you don’t show up, we’ll assume you’ve resigned,” the internal statement said. Musk also sniffed at other companies that continue to allow working from home in the Mail: “Of course there are companies that don’t need it, but when was the last time they came out with a great new product? It’s been a while here.”
— Whole Mars Catalog (@WholeMarsBlog) June 1, 2022
Though Musk hasn’t made an official statement about Tesla’s handling of home office and office attendance since then, he appeared to have confirmed the news on Twitter on the morning of June 1, 2022. On the tweet “Hey Elon, a lot of people are talking about this leaked email. Do you have another comment for all those people who think coming to work is an antiquated concept?” the Tesla CEO replied: “They should pretend they work somewhere else.”
hey elon a lot of people are talking about this leaked email, any additional comment to people who think coming into work is an antiquated concept? https://t.co/E3qSBVrJIJ
— Whole Mars Catalog (@WholeMarsBlog) June 1, 2022
It wasn’t the first time that Musk expressed his opinion on home office culture: After the Apple company announced in May 2022 that the plan to order employees to work three days a week again had been postponed, Musk criticized that company by posting a lazy dog meme under a “Bloomberg” news story.
Employees were going to be required to work from the office on Mondays, Tuesdays and Thursdays starting May 23, a memo said https://t.co/STIgOuiNKB
DC Comics formalizes its involvement in the world of NFTs and web3. And the legendary publishing house has decided to think big, since it has announced the launch of its own marketplace , specially dedicated to its universe. This platform, currently in beta, is based on Palm, a secondary Ethereum blockchain, offering fast transactions at a lower cost.
The first projects, including numerous collections bearing the image of Batman , the company’s emblematic figure, are already online on the platform.
Another win for NFTs
If this announcement has probably pleased many aficionados of the DC Comics franchise, it is all the more beneficial for NFTs and, more generally, for web3.
Indeed, the arrival of major companies from different sectors in this environment makes it possible to bring in new users , who were not necessarily interested in the basics. This is especially true for a company like DC Comics, which has a colossal influence on popular culture.
The DC Comics platform also offers a very good gateway to these users since it is possible to buy NFTs using credit cards, and not just via cryptocurrencies.
These are not currently available, but should be added in a future update. Thus, even a person completely outside the web3 and cryptocurrencies has the possibility of obtaining his NFT DC Comics easily .
This strategy is used by many large companies (this was particularly the case for eBay) and with good reason, since some people are reluctant to cryptocurrencies, but can potentially be interested in NFTs.
Not the first time for DC Comics
Although the current announcement is undoubtedly the largest ever made by the publishing house about NFTs, it should be noted that DC Comics is not really at its first attempt.
The company had already given it a shot with the world of NFTs during its last virtual convention, named DC Fandome . For the occasion, DC Comics had launched several collections of NFT, in collaboration with Warner Bros.
Finally, note that the competition is also showing a certain interest in NFTs, since Marvel Comics had also introduced, in 2021, five NFTs in the form of 3D statues .
This global enthusiasm on the part of companies for NFTs definitely does not seem insignificant and could well cement this technology in various environments, such as the audiovisual sector.
